11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
Heat is form of energy. Heat is transferred between two(or more ) systems or system and its surroundings by virture of temperature difference. Temperature is the degree of hotness. SI unit of heat is Joule(J ) and that of temperature is kelvin (K)

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PARTICLE NATURE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION: PHOTO ELECTRIC EFFECT

Particle Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation:  Planck’s Quantum Theory The important postulates of quantum theory proposed by Max Planck are: 1. Atoms and molecules could emit or absorb energy not in a continuous manner, but discontinuously  in small packets of energy called quanta or photons.  2. The energy (E ) of each quantum of radiation is proportional to its frequency (ν). It is expressed by the equation, E = hν Where ‘h’ is known as Planck’s constant and its value is 6.626×10–34 J s. Photoelectric effect It is the phenomenon of ejection of electrons by certain metals (like potassium, rubidium, caesium  etc.) when light of suitable frequency incident on them. The electrons ejected are called photoelectrons.  This phenomenon was first observed by H Hertz. The important characteristics of photoelectric effect are: 1. The electrons are ejected from the metal surface as soon as the beam of light strikes the surface. i.e.,  there is no time lag between the...
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